AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 Peptide 5

CPTC-AKT2-1

AB_2722015

AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 Peptide 5

IgG2a

Mouse Monoclonal Antibody

10/19/2023

Peptide

Ras Pathway

00276

AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 Peptide 5

CPTC-AKT2 Peptide 5

V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 2; Protein Kinase B Beta; Protein Kinase Akt-2; RAC-PK-Beta; EC 2.7.11.1; PKB Beta; Putative V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncoprotein 2; Murine Thymoma Viral (V-Akt) Homolog-2; Rac Protein Kinase Beta; EC 2.7.11; RAC-BETA; PKBBETA; HIHGHH; PRKBB; PKBB

This gene is a putative oncogene encoding a protein belonging to a subfamily of serine/threonine kinases containing SH2-like (Src homology 2-like) domains. The gene was shown to be amplified and overexpressed in 2 of 8 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and 2 of 15 primary ovarian tumors. Overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype of a subset of human ductal pancreatic cancers. The encoded protein is a general protein kinase capable of phophorylating several known proteins.

AKT2 (V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with AKT2 include hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia with hemihypertrophy and diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent. Among its related pathways are Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation and Gene Expression. GO annotations related to this gene include transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups and protein tyrosine kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is AKT1.

AKT2 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at Ser-50 negatively modulates its phosphatase activity preventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling. Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. AKT regulates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at Ser-21 and GSK3B at Ser-9, resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of GSK3 isoforms by AKT is also thought to be one mechanism by which cell proliferation is driven. AKT regulates also cell survival via the phosphorylation of MAP3K5 (apoptosis signal-related kinase). Phosphorylation of Ser-83 decreases MAP3K5 kinase activity stimulated by oxidative stress and thereby prevents apoptosis. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at Ser-939 and Thr-1462, thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. AKT is involved in the phosphorylation of members of the FOXO factors (Forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmic localization. In particular, FOXO1 is phosphorylated at Thr-24, Ser-256 and Ser-319. FOXO3 and FOXO4 are phosphorylated on equivalent sites. AKT has an important role in the regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent gene transcription and positively regulates the activity of CREB1 (cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein). The phosphorylation of CREB1 induces the binding of accessory proteins that are necessary for the transcription of pro-survival genes such as BCL2 and MCL1. AKT phosphorylates Ser-454 on ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), thereby potentially regulating ACLY activity and fatty acid synthesis. Activates the 3B isoform of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE3B) via phosphorylation of Ser-273, resulting in reduced cyclic AMP levels and inhibition of lipolysis. Phosphorylates PIKFYVE on Ser-318, which results in increased PI(3)P-5 activity. The Rho GTPase-activating protein DLC1 is another substrate and its phosphorylation is implicated in the regulation cell proliferation and cell growth. AKT plays a role as key modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, including correct neuron positioning, dendritic development and synapse formation. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). AKT mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. May be involved in the regulation of the placental development.
One of the few specific substrates of AKT2 identified recently is PITX2. Phosphorylation of PITX2 impairs its association with the CCND1 mRNA-stabilizing complex thus shortening the half-life of CCND1. AKT2 seems also to be the principal isoform responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake. Phosphorylates C2CD5 on Ser-197 during insulin-stimulated adipocytes. AKT2 is also specifically involved in skeletal muscle differentiation, one of its substrates in this process being ANKRD2. Down-regulation by RNA interference reduces the expression of the phosphorylated form of BAD, resulting in the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Phosphorylates CLK2 on Thr-343.

Akt (Protein kinase B, PKB) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key in regulating cell survival, insulin signaling, angiogenesis and tumor formation. Akt is a downstream mediator of the PI 3-K pathway, which results in the recruitment of Akt to the plasma membrane.

19q13.2

NP_001229956.1

P31751

N/A

Synthetic Peptide

N/A

0

1540

06/01/2021